Sains Malaysiana 54(1)(2025): 175-185

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5401-14

Characteristics of High Protein Product-Derived from Catfish Mixed with Fermented Sweet Potato Flours and Its Impact on Malnourished Rats

(Ciri Produk Tinggi Protein-Diperoleh daripada Ikan Keli yang Dicampur dengan Tepung Ubi Keledek yang Difermentasi dan Kesannya terhadap Tikus yang Kurang Zat Pemakanan)

ANNIS CATUR ADI^1,*, WIZARA SALISA², MUHAMMAD TAHER³, MAHMUD ADITYA RIFQI¹ & HENI RACHMAWATI⁴

¹Nutrition Department, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
²Rumah Inovasi Natura, 60112, Surabaya, Indonesia
³Pharma Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
⁴School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Teknologi, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 21 Jun 2024/Diterima: 2 November 2024

Abstract

In 2022, Indonesia has prevalence of stunting over 20%. One of the variables that can contribute to stunting is protein deficiency. This issue can be mitigated by providing a sufficient consumption of animal protein. Implementing food formulation as a means of diversifying local food sources is a strategy to address the issue of stunting while improving food security. This study aimed to assure the standard quality, nutritional content, level of consumer acceptance, and the impact of a composite flour made from a combination of catfish and fermented sweet potato, which had been enriched with micronutrients. The research process encompassed several stages: formulation, evaluation of product characteristics and compliance to regulatory standards of food contaminants, nutritional content, hedonic tests by panelists, and animal model as pre-clinical testing. The findings indicated that flour consisted of catfish and fermented sweet potato enriched with micronutrients served as a high-protein mixture (25.35%, while ordinary flour 13%) encompassing a complete range of nutrients. This formulation fulfills the requirements for product standards and ensures food safety. The product meets panelists acceptance (taste rating >3.5 means like) and is a suitable ingredient for various processing methods. In animal model, this product can significantly increase the body weight of malnourished rats (p<0.05). Catfish and sweet potato are potential local foods serving high-protein flour. This flour enriched with micronutrients can further improve the nutritional content, high acceptability, demonstrate optimal characteristics, food contaminants-free, and proven to increase body weight on rats.

Keywords: Catfish; fermented sweet potato; functional food; high protein; malnutrition

Abstrak

Pada tahun 2022, Indonesia mempunyai kelaziman bantut melebihi 20%. Salah satu pemboleh ubah yang boleh menyumbang kepada bantut ialah kekurangan protein. Isu ini boleh dikurangkan dengan menyediakan pemakanan protein haiwan yang mencukupi. Melaksanakan formulasi makanan sebagai cara mempelbagaikan sumber makanan tempatan adalah strategi untuk menangani isu bantut di samping meningkatkan keselamatan makanan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memastikan kualiti piawai, kandungan nutrisi, tahap penerimaan pengguna, dan kesan tepung komposit yang diperbuat daripada gabungan ikan keli dan ubi keledek yang ditapai yang telah diperkaya dengan mikronutrien. Proses penyelidikan ini merangkumi beberapa peringkat: formulasi, penilaian ciri produk dan pematuhan kepada piawaian pengawalseliaan bahan cemar makanan, kandungan nutrisi, ujian hedonik oleh ahli panel dan model haiwan sebagai ujian pra-klinikal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tepung yang terdiri daripada ikan keli dan ubi keledek yang ditapai diperkaya dengan mikronutrien berfungsi sebagai campuran protein tinggi (25.35%, manakala tepung biasa ialah 13%) merangkumi rangkaian lengkap nutrien. Formulasi ini memenuhi keperluan piawaian produk dan memastikan keselamatan makanan. Produk ini memenuhi penerimaan ahli panel (penarafan rasa >3.5 bermaksud suka) dan merupakan ramuan yang sesuai untuk pelbagai kaedah pemprosesan. Dalam model haiwan, produk ini boleh meningkatkan berat badan tikus kekurangan zat makanan dengan ketara (p<0.05). Ikan keli dan ubi keledek merupakan makanan tempatan yang berpotensi menyajikan tepung berprotein tinggi. Tepung yang diperkaya dengan mikronutrien ini dapat meningkatkan lagi kandungan nutrisi, kebolehterimaan yang tinggi, menunjukkan ciri optimum, bebas bahan cemar makanan dan terbukti meningkatkan berat badan tikus.

Kata kunci: Ikan keli; kekurangan zat makanan; makanan berfungsi; protein tinggi; ubi keledek yang ditapai

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: annis_catur@fkm.unair.ac.id